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Machu Picchu "Old Mountain" is a pre-Columbian 15th-century Inca site located 2,430 metres (7,970 ft) above sea level. It is situated on a mountain ridge above the Urubamba Valley in Peru, which is 80 kilometres (50 mi) northwest of Cusco and through which the Urubamba River flows. Most archaeologists believe that Machu Picchu was built as a retreat for the Inca emperor Pachacuti (1438–1472). It is perhaps the most familiar icon of the Inca World.